INTELLECTUAL RETARDATION

Intellectual disability (mental retardation).

The renaming of mental retardation: understanding the change to the term intellectual disability.

There is considerable and intense discussion in the field of intellectual disability/mental retardation about the construct of disability, how intellectual disability fits within the general construct of disability, and the use of the term intellectual disability (Glidden, 2006; Greenspan, 2006; MacMillan, Siperstein, & Leffert, 2006; Schalock & Luckasson, 2004; Switzky & Greenspan, 2006b). Thi...

Biallelic Mutations in UNC80 Cause Persistent Hypotonia, Encephalopathy, Growth Retardation, and Severe Intellectual Disability.

Ion channel proteins are required for both the establishment of resting membrane potentials and the generation of action potentials. Hundreds of mutations in genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels responsible for action potential generation have been found to cause severe neurological diseases. In contrast, the roles of voltage-independent "leak" channels, important for the establishment and...

Patterns of intellectual, adaptive and behavioral functioning in individuals with mild mental retardation.

Many researchers have studied the population of individuals with mild mental retardation (MIMR) as if it is a clear entity. Few researchers have investigated potential subtypes within the MIMR population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate which subtypes can be identified on the basis of intellectual, adaptive and behavioral functioning. Seventy-three individuals with MIMR were...

Familial spastic paraplegia, bilateral sensorineural deafness, and intellectual retardation associated with a progressive nephropathy.

We present a family in which at least four persons have evidence of an inherited disorder comprising a variable spastic paraplegia, bilateral sensorineural deafness, intellectual retardation, and a progressive nephropathy. Focal segmental proliferative lesions with sclerosis suggestive of mesangial IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) were found on renal renal biopsy in two affected persons. The ...